Flexor tenosynovitis is a painful and potentially serious condition involving inflammation or infection of the synovial sheath surrounding the flexor tendons of the hand. These tendons run along the palm and fingers, allowing us to bend the fingers and grip objects. The tendon sheaths provide lubrication and smooth gliding motion, but when inflamed or infected, they can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and impaired finger movement. Because of the confined spaces in the hand and the risk of rapid spread of infection, flexor tenosynovitis is considered an orthopedic emergency when caused by infection. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to preserve hand function and prevent complications.
The flexor tendons originate from muscles in the forearm and insert into the phalanges of the fingers. Each tendon is enclosed in a synovial sheath, a protective tunnel lined with fluid-producing cells that reduce friction during movement. These sheaths are critical for smooth finger flexion.
Infection or inflammation within this closed compartment increases pressure, restricts blood supply, and interferes with tendon function. If untreated, it can lead to tendon necrosis, adhesions, or permanent stiffness.
Flexor tenosynovitis is a serious condition involving inflammation or infection of the tendon sheath of the fingers. The infectious type, often caused by penetrating trauma, requires urgent medical attention due to the risk of rapid progression and severe complications. Kanavel’s signs remain the cornerstone of diagnosis, and treatment typically involves IV antibiotics, surgical drainage, and careful rehabilitation. Non-infectious cases are managed with rest, anti-inflammatory measures, and treatment of underlying conditions. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are crucial to preserving hand function and preventing long-term disability.