Arthritis of the hand and wrist is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced function. These joints are essential for performing everyday tasks such as gripping, writing, and lifting, so arthritis in this area can significantly impact quality of life. Understanding the types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for arthritis of the hand and wrist is crucial for effective management and maintaining hand function.
Arthritis is a general term for inflammation of the joints, which can lead to joint damage, deformity, and loss of function. In the hand and wrist, arthritis can affect any of the small joints, including the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb, the interphalangeal joints of the fingers, and the wrist joint itself.
There are several types of arthritis that commonly affect the hand and wrist:
Osteoarthritis results from the gradual breakdown of cartilage, the smooth tissue that cushions joints. Risk factors include aging, repetitive use, joint injury, and genetic predisposition. The thumb CMC joint is particularly susceptible to OA.
RA is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the synovium (joint lining), causing inflammation, pain, and joint destruction. It often affects the small joints symmetrically, including those in the hands and wrists
Joint injuries such as fractures, ligament tears, or dislocations can damage cartilage and lead to arthritis years later.
Psoriatic arthritis and gout can also affect the hand and wrist joints, causing inflammation and damage.
Common symptoms include:
Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging studies:
The doctor will assess symptoms, joint involvement, duration, and any history of trauma or systemic disease. Physical examination evaluates joint swelling, deformity, tenderness, and function.
Blood tests may be performed to detect markers of inflammation (ESR, CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-CCP antibodies, or uric acid levels.
Treatment aims to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, preserve joint function, and improve quality of life. It often involves a combination of non-surgical and surgical approaches.
Medications:
Splinting and Bracing:
Physical and Occupational Therapy:
Lifestyle Modifications:
Surgery may be considered when conservative treatments fail or joint damage is severe. Options include:
Post-treatment rehabilitation is essential for restoring function and preventing complications. It includes:
Managing arthritis involves ongoing care and adaptation. Patients are encouraged to:
Consult a healthcare professional if you experience:
Arthritis of the hand and wrist can significantly impact daily life, but with early diagnosis and comprehensive management, many patients maintain good function and quality of life. Advances in medical and surgical treatments, combined with rehabilitation, offer hope for those affected by this condition. Awareness and proactive care are key to managing symptoms and preventing progression.